@InProceedings{MouraArGaDaLySaEs:2017:BrAm,
               author = "Moura, Yhasmin Mendes de and Arag{\~a}o, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e 
                         Cruz de and Galv{\~a}o, L{\^e}nio Soares and Dalagnol da Silva, 
                         Ricardo and Lyapustin, Alexei and Santos, Erone Ghizoni and 
                         Esp{\'{\i}}rito-Santo, Fernando",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {NASA Goddard Space Flight Cen.} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {University 
                         of Lancaster}",
                title = "Using ALS and MODIS data to evaluate degradation in different 
                         forests types over the Xingu basin - Brazilian Amazon",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2017",
         organization = "AGU Fall Meeting",
             abstract = "Degradation of Amazon rainforests represents a vital threat to 
                         carbon storage, climate regulation and biodiversity; however its 
                         effect on tropical ecosystems is largely unknown. In this study we 
                         evaluate the effects of forest degradation on forest structure and 
                         functioning over the Xingu Basin in the Brazilian Amazon. The 
                         vegetation types in the area is dominated by Open Ombrophilous 
                         Forest (Asc), Semi-decidiuous Forest (Fse) and Dense Ombrophilous 
                         Forest (Dse). We used Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data together 
                         with time series of optical remote sensing images from the 
                         Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 
                         bi-directional corrected using the Multi-Angle Implementation for 
                         Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC). We derive time-series (2008 to 
                         2016) of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Green-Red 
                         Normalized Difference (GRND) to analyze the dynamics of degraded 
                         areas with related changes in canopy structure and greenness 
                         values, respectively. Airborne ALS measurements showed the largest 
                         tree heights in the Dse class with values up to 40m tall. Asc and 
                         Fse vegetation types reached up to 30m and 25m in height, 
                         respectively. Differences in canopy structure were also evident 
                         from the analysis of canopy volume models (CVMs). Asc showed 
                         higher proportion of sunlit, as expected for open forest types. 
                         Fse showed gaps predominantly in lower height levels, and a higher 
                         overall proportion of shaded crown. Full canopy closure was 
                         reached at about15 m height for both Asc and Dse, and at about 20 
                         m height for Fse. We also used a base map of degraded areas 
                         (available from Imazon Instituto do Homen e Meio Ambiente da 
                         Amaz{\^o}nia) to follow these regions throughout time using EVI 
                         and GRND from MODIS. All three forest types displayed seasonal 
                         cycles. Notable differences in amplitude were detected during the 
                         periods when degradation occurred and both indexes showed a 
                         decrease in their response. However, there were marked differences 
                         in timing and amplitude depending on forest type. These responses 
                         were influenced by the spatial resolution of 1km of the MODIS 
                         images, limited the ability to observe small degraded regions. In 
                         conclusion, ASL together with optical remote sensing used in a 
                         straight multi-scale approach may contribute to understand the 
                         impacts of degradation in the structure and functioning of 
                         tropical forest.",
  conference-location = "New Orleans",
      conference-year = "11-15 Dec.",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "moura_using.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}